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- $Unique_ID{BRK03821}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{Hiccups, Chronic}
- $Subject{Hiccups Chronic Hiccups Hiccough Singultus Intractable Hiccups
- Hiccups Persistent }
- $Volume{}
- $Log{}
-
- Copyright (C) 1989 National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc.
-
- 708:
- Hiccups, Chronic
-
- ** IMPORTANT **
- It is possible that the main title of the article (Chronic Hiccups) is
- not the name you expected. Please check the SYNONYM listing to find the
- alternate names and disorder subdivisions covered by this article.
-
- Synonyms
-
- Hiccups
- Hiccough
- Singultus
- Intractable Hiccups
- Hiccups, Persistent
-
- General Discussion
-
- ** REMINDER **
- The information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
- educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
- purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
- contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
- section of this report.
-
- Hiccups are sudden, involuntary, repeated spasms of the diaphragm,
- followed by an intake of air into the larynx which causes the characteristic
- "hic" sound. They may occur a few times within a minute or several times a
- second. Normally, Hiccups last for only a few minutes. However, when they
- persist for days or weeks they can be very serious.
-
- Symptoms
-
- Chronic Hiccups last for hours or days, or they recur very often with only a
- few hours relief between spasms. The persistence of hiccups may indicate a
- serious illness. Some of the illnesses that include persistent hiccups as a
- symptom are: pleurisy of the diaphragm, pneumonia, uremia, alcoholism,
- disorders of the stomach or esophagus, and bowel diseases. Hiccups may also
- be associated with pancreatitis, pregnancy, bladder irritation, liver cancer
- or hepatitis. Surgery, tumors, and lesions may also cause persistent
- hiccups.
-
- Causes
-
- Hiccups are caused by irritation of nerves or the brain medullary centers
- that control the muscles used in breathing, especially in the diaphragm.
- When Persistent Hiccups occur they may be the result of a brain lesion,
- tumors, intestinal diseases, liver or kidney disorders or uremic poisoning.
- They may be caused by surgery or the drugs used during surgery. Chronic
- Hiccups also occur for unknown reasons. Persistent Hiccups that go unchecked
- can cause exhaustion, lack of sleep and weight loss.
-
- Affected Population
-
- Hiccups affect males more often than females. Hiccups occur in practically
- every human being, but Chronic Hiccups are very rare.
-
- Related Disorders
-
- There are many disorders involving the Autonomic Nervous System which
- controls unconscious activities of the body such as breathing, sweating,
- heartbeat, hiccups, coughing, etc.
-
- Therapies: Standard
-
- Treatment of ordinary hiccups is not necessary since they stop with no
- treatment within a few minutes.
-
- Treatment of Chronic Hiccups includes drug therapy with intramuscular
- haloperidol, chlorpromazine, metoclopramide, anticonvulsants, quinidine or
- carbamazepine. If the hiccups occur during anaesthesia or surgery the
- treatment is usually Ephedrine or Ketamine. Hypnosis has been used in some
- patients, as well as acupuncture. Injections into the phrenic nerve, which
- controls the movement of the diaphragm, and surgery to sever the phrenic
- nerve in the neck, has been used in cases where all other therapies have
- failed.
-
- Therapies: Investigational
-
- Researchers at Walter Reed Army Hospital have been studying the drug
- nifedipine (Adalat or Procardia) as a treatment for Chronic Hiccups. This
- drug, which is a calcium channel blocker most commonly prescribed to control
- high blood pressure, stopped Chronic Hiccuping in 5 out of 7 patients
- treated. More research is needed to determine whether nifedipine will be
- effective in the long-term treatment of patients with Chronic Hiccups.
-
- In a report of a study in England, it was noted that the drug Baclofen
- was effective in stopping the chronic hiccups of a single patient. The
- patient's close relations also had attack of Chronic Hiccups suggesting a
- genetic cause.
-
- This disease entry is based upon medical information available through
- September 1989. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to
- keep every entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and
- accurate. Please check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for
- the most current information about this disorder.
-
- Resources
-
- For more information on Chronic Hiccups, please contact:
-
- National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
- P.O. Box 8923
- New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
- (203) 746-6518
-
- NIH/National Heart, Blood and Lung Institute
- 9000 Rockville Pike
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- (301) 496-4236
-
- References
-
- TREATMENT OF INTRACTABLE HICCUPS WITH INTRAMUSCULAR HALOPERIDOL. T.J. Ives,
- et al.; Am J Psychiatry, (November, 1985, issue 142 (11)). Pp. 1368-1369.
-
- CHRONIC HICCUPS. M.S. Lipsky, Am Fam Physician (November, 1986, issue 34
- (5)). Pp. 173-177.
-
- HICCUPS: CAUSES AND CURES. J.H. Lewis, J Clin Gastroenterol, (December,
- 1985, issue 7 (6)). Pp. 539-552.
-
- HICCUPS AND ESOPHAGEAL DYSFUNCTION. G. Triadafilopoulos, Am J
- Gastroenterol, Am J Gastroenterol (February, 1989, issue 84 (2)). Pp. 164-
- 149.
-
- SLEEP HICCUP. J.J. Askenasy, Sleep, (April, 1988, issue 11 (2)). Pp.
- 187-194.
-
-